Are my dogs playing or fighting?

Hey guys! I’ve watched a few YT videos on this and I think they’re playing but my white dog is so vocal I can’t tell. They’re both shih tzus. White is 5 yr old, brown is 7mo old puppy. White one only just now starting warming up to her. He is an anxious, fear reactive dog which makes this all the more confusing.

Recently, I started letting them go at it because my trainer said she thinks Gatsby (white one) is trying to play but is just not very good at it. (He wasn’t well socialized, covid baby) Previously I would separate them because I thought they were fighting. I stop them occasionally to see if white one runs away from her but he stays in place which makes me think he’s actually playing? But he sounds so…upset 😅

Also, she’s always winning lol. I feel bad but he’s gotten more and more handsy which tells me he’s either getting more confident with her or he’s fighting even more cause he’s sick of her 😳